Safe chassis catalog

Every biosensor is built in one of these hosts. The catalog is restricted to non-pathogenic BSL-1 organisms; GRAS / probiotic status is shown where it applies.

BSL-1GRAS

Bacillus subtilis 168

Gram-positive, spore-forming model bacterium with QPS (EFSA) status and a long history of safe industrial use. Spores make it robust for field-deployable and environmental biosensors.

EnvironmentalChemical
BSL-1GRAS

Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032)

A GRAS industrial workhorse used for food-grade amino-acid production at megaton scale. Robust, stress-tolerant, and easy to grow at high density — well suited to industrial-process and chemical monitoring.

ChemicalEnvironmental
BSL-1

E. coli K-12 (MG1655)

The non-pathogenic laboratory workhorse. K-12 strains have lost the ability to colonize the human gut and are the reference BSL-1 host for genetic engineering, with the deepest tooling of any bacterial chassis.

EnvironmentalChemicalPathogen
BSL-1probiotic

E. coli Nissle 1917

A probiotic E. coli used in humans for over a century (Mutaflor). Colonizes the gut safely, making it the chassis of choice for clinical / gut biomarker biosensors.

Clinical / gutPathogen
BSL-1GRASprobiotic

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (WCFS1)

A GRAS probiotic lactic acid bacterium that persists in the gut better than L. lactis. Robust to gut bile and acid, making it a strong chassis for ingestible clinical/gut biosensors and fermented-food monitoring.

Clinical / gutChemical
BSL-1GRASprobiotic

Lactococcus lactis (MG1363)

Food-grade, GRAS lactic acid bacterium used for centuries in dairy fermentation. Non-colonizing and ideal for ingestible / clinical biosensors where a food-safe, gut-transient host is wanted.

Clinical / gutChemical
BSL-1

Pseudomonas putida KT2440

A certified safety-strain soil bacterium with exceptional solvent/stress tolerance and diverse metabolism. The premier chassis for environmental biosensing of pollutants and heavy metals in soil and water.

EnvironmentalChemical
BSL-1GRAS

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (BY4741)

GRAS baker's yeast — the model eukaryote. Being a eukaryote, it can host human nuclear receptors and GPCRs, unlocking sensing of steroids, hormones, and other eukaryotic-specific ligands that bacteria cannot detect. dCas9 CRISPRi/CRISPRa are well established.

ChemicalClinical / gut
BSL-1

Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803

A non-pathogenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium. It runs on light and CO2, so biosensors built in it are self-powered — ideal for long-term, deployable environmental and water-quality monitoring without added nutrients.

EnvironmentalChemical